Cost, Performance, and Capacity Planning
Definition
Methods to estimate, monitor, and optimize resource usage, latency, throughput, and spend for generative systems.
Why It Matters
- Predictable costs and performance SLAs
- Informs model/routing choices and batching policies
2025 State of the Art
- Token-level accounting and caching/streaming strategies
- Speculative decoding for speed, multiplexing/batching for utilization
- Quantization to reduce memory/bandwidth and hardware costs
Key Players
- OpenAI/Azure usage analytics, Google usage dashboards
- vLLM/TGI runtime telemetry; NVIDIA DCGM for GPU metrics
Challenges
- Variance from prompt lengths, tool calls, retries
- Long-context cost explosions; cache invalidation complexity
Reference Architectures
- Central cost service ingesting usage (tokens/images/minutes)
- Autoscaler tied to queue depths and p95 latency SLOs
- Prompt/template governance to cap worst cases
Opportunities
- Cost-aware model routing (small-to-large backoff)
- Aggressive KV cache reuse and prompt caching
- Adaptive batching with tail-latency protection
Design Checklist & Acceptance Criteria
- Define SLOs (p50/p95 TTFT/TPOT) and utilization targets
- Track per-feature cost and unit economics ($/success)
- Implement backpressure and circuit breakers
- Simulate peak loads; run chaos tests
References
- Title: vLLM (serving efficiency) URL: https://vllm.ai/ Publisher/Vendor: vLLM Project Accessed: 2025-08-14 Version_or_release: provider_reported
- Title: TensorRT-LLM URL: https://developer.nvidia.com/tensorrt-llm Publisher/Vendor: NVIDIA Accessed: 2025-08-14 Version_or_release: provider_reported